12-20 22:53:02 浏览次数:110次 栏目:高考英语词汇
◆ because/since/as/for
◇ 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。
如:We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。
◇ as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如:
As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。
Since everyone is here,let's start.既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。
◇ for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如:
There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off.
教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)
◆ believe;believe in
◇ believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。如:
I believe what he says.我相信他的话。
I believe that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。
◇ believe in 是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如:
They believe in God.他们信仰上帝。
I believe in having plenty of exercise.我相信多锻炼有好处。
◇ believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词,但含义不同。试比较:
I believe in him(I think he is a frustworthy man).我信任他。
I believe him.(I believe what he says).我相信他的话。
◆ belieffaithtrustconfidence 都含有“相信”的意思。
◇ belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:
belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。
◇ faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:
I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。
◇ trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:
enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。
◇ confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。
◆ besides;except;but
◇ 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意为“除……外(还有)”。请比较:
All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。
◇ except后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如:
I’ll do everything except/but cook. 除了做饭,我什么事情都干。
This window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。
◇ 用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如:
There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.
除了你,没人能做这工作。
◆ be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that◇ be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形;
◇ be anxious for表示“渴望”,后面接名词或代词时,强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.to do sth.时,表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中for sb.to do sth.是不定式复合结构。
◇ be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”;◇ be anxious that表示“渴望”,后面接从句,that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气;
[EXERCISES]
①I ____ the result of the examination.
②We ____ know the result of the examination.
③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English.
④Mr Li ____ a new car.
⑤They ____ arrive home before dark.
(Key: ①am anxious about/for②are anxious to③are anxious for④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to)
1) The girl ____ a new dictionary. 2) All the students ____ their results of this examination. 3) Everyone _____ know their results of the competition. 4) We ___Mr Zhao to return. 5) We _____ she should do her best.
Key: 1) was/is anxious for2) are anxious about3) is anxious to4)are anxious for
5) are anxious that
◆ be known as; be known for; be known to;be known in
◇ be known as 意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如:
Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。
◇ be known for 意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如:
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.
盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。
◇ be known to “为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。如:
He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。
He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.
人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。
◇ be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。如:
He is well-known in the town where he was born. 他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。
◆ be made of/be made in/be made from/be made by/be made up of
◇ be made of表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。
◇ be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时,表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时,表示“某地产某物”。
◇ be made from表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。
◇ be made by表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调动作的执行者。
◇ be made up of表示“由……构成(组成)”,强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。
【练习】用be made in,be made of,be made from,be made by或be made up of填空。 ①This bikeTianjin.②This tablewood.③The car1999. ④Paperwood.⑤The kitemy mother.⑥The teamten members.
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