新概念英语第三册语法总结：独立主格结构

　　新概念英语第三册语法总结：独立主格结构

　　此独立形式只是一个小短语，而不是主谓完整的简单句，又称之为独立分词构句。当分词意义上的主语不是主句的主语时，必须在分词前保留意义上的主语，否则语意不通。示例：

　　Being ill in bed， I can‘t go to school.

　　Mother being ill in bed， I can‘t go to school.

　　1. 独立主结构形式可用以表时间，理由，条件，伴随状态等。

　　He lay on the grass， the sun shining upon him.

　　= He lay on the grass， and the sun was shining upon him.

　　Weather permitting， I‘ll start tomorrow.

　　= If weather permits， I‘ll start tomorrow.

　　School being over， the boys went home.

　　= When school was over， the boys went home.

　　The sun having set， we arrived at the station.

　　= After the sun had set， we arrived at the station.

　　王牌重点：当独立主格结构的主语表示“一般人”，如：we， one， you时，主语可省略，此用法常用于下列表达方式中：

　　generally speaking 一般来说

　　strictly speaking 严格地说

　　talking of … 谈到

　　speaking of … 说到

　　judging from … 由……来判断

　　taking all things into consideration 把一切都考虑在内

　　considering … 考虑到……

　　[示例

　　If we judge from his face， he must be ill.

　　= Judging from his face， he must be ill.

　　He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.

　　= He has lots of books， considering that he is young.

　　2.with 复合结构也是独立主格结构形式之一。这种结构在句中作状语（表示原因，方式，伴随等）和定语，作定语时紧随被修饰名词后。

　　（1） with+ 名词 + 介词短语

　　The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.

　　The boy rushed into the room， with his schoolbag in his hand.

　　（2） with + 名词 + adj.

　　with the door open， he left the classroom.

　　（3） with + 名词 + adv.

　　With the gloves off， she felt cold.

　　With the lights on， the building looks beautiful.

　　（4） with + 名词 + 现在分词（主动）

　　with + 名词 + 过去分词（被动）

　　With the guide leading us， we got to the village.

　　The boy was crying with the vase broken.

　　（5） with + 名词 + 不定式

　　With the hard work to be done， we have to prepare for it.