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初中英语语法分析总结

12-20 22:51:02  浏览次数:546次  栏目:初二英语语法

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  3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soonas。例如:

  He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

  By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

  Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

  汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

  典型例题

  The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

  A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

  答案D.

  ”把书忘在办公室”发生在”去取书”这一过去的动作之前,因此”忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在”同学们正忙于……”这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

  注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:

  I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。

  had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:

  He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

  11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

  1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:

  When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

  My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

  2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

  When I heard the news, I was very excited.

  3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

  Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

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  11.17 将来完成时

  1) 构成will have done

  2) 概念

  a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:

  They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

  b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:

  You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。

  11.18 现在进行时

  现在进行时的基本用法:

  a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

  b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:

  Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

  c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

  The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

  It‘s getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

  d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:

  You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

  典型例题

  My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

  A. has lost, don‘t find B. is missing, don‘t find C. has lost, haven‘t found D. is missing, haven‘t found.

  答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

  11.19 不用进行时的动词

  1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,

  contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

  This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

  2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

  He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

  3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

  I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

  4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:

  You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。

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  11.20 过去进行时

  1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

  2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

  3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

  My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

  It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

  When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

  典型例题

  1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

  A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

  答案C.

  割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,”玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。

  2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

  A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell

  答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为”当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 ”在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。

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