12-20 22:51:02 浏览次数:546次 栏目：初二英语语法
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I‘ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I‘ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No， this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No， it‘s the first time I ___ here.
A. even， come B. even， have come C. ever， come D. ever， have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven‘t received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago， and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago， and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980， last month， half past
six)。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I‘ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示”做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示”到……，才……”。例如：
He didn‘t come back until ten o‘clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o‘clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don‘t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several
times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I‘m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh， not at all. I ___here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1) 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told， said， knew， heard， thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived， the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope， wish， expect， think， intend， mean， suppose等，用过去完成时表示”原本…，未能…”。例如：
We had hoped that you would come， but you didn‘t. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
tag: 初中英语 初二英语语法，八年级英语语法,初中英语学习方法，初中学习 - 初二学习 - 初二英语 - 初二英语语法
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